abstract：:1. Clinical pharmacology requires numerous skills and most activities involve interactions with other specialities, both clinical and experimental. 2. A range of experts has had a major influence on the nature and design of my research, which is illustrated by the evolution of my knowledge of adverse drug reactions an...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Shenfield GM

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Epidemiological evidence indicates that low birthweight increases the risk of a number of adult-onset diseases. It is now apparent that many babies with a low birthweight may have been subjected to a combination of reduced growth rates in utero as well as preterm birth. However, the long-term effects of preterm bir...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Cock ML,Camm EJ,Louey S,Joyce BJ,Harding R

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The effects of taurine on the development of atherosclerotic lesions were investigated in apolipoprotein (apo) E-deficient mice, an animal model with severe hypercholesterolaemia and extensive atherosclerosis. These mice were fed a normal laboratory chow containing 2% taurine for 12 weeks. 2. Serum total cholestero...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Kondo Y,Toda Y,Kitajima H,Oda H,Nagate T,Kameo K,Murakami S

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Arterial baroreflexes are suppressed in stressful conditions. Intense visual stimuli can cause a threatening sensation and produce defensive reactions. 2. The present study was designed to determine whether and how electrical stimulation of the optic tract (OT) affects arterial baroreflexes, especially the heart ra...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Cheng ZB,Kobayashi M,Nosaka S

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. In the present study, the effects of the administration of adenosine on absence seizures were investigated in the Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) strain of rats, which are an adequate model for human absence epilepsy. 2. After baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) recording, adenosine was injected intraperiton...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Ilbay G,Sahin D,Karson A,Ates N

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. In infants, promethazine has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sleep apnoea, apparent life threatening events (ALTE) and the Sudden Infant Death syndrome (SIDS). The aim of the present study was to investigate, in a neonatal animal, the effects of a commonly used promethazine-containing medication on airway pr...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： McKelvey GM,Post EJ,Wood AK,Jeffery HE

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Endothelial dysfunction is seen in patients with essential hypertension or congestive heart failure (CHF). The present study aimed to evaluate the direct effect on endothelium- dependent vasodilation (EDV) of different pharmacological drugs commonly used in the treatment of these conditions. 2. Forearm blood flow (...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Mühlen BV,Millgård J,Lind L

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Rapid ventricular rate (VR) and rhythm irregularity during atrial fibrillation (AF) impair cardiac performance. Although digoxin has been widely used in patients with AF, its efficacy for the control of VR and rhythm irregularity is unsatisfactory. Whether low-dose amiodarone is more effective remains unclear. 2. W...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Tse HF,Lam YM,Lau CP,Cheung BM,Kumana CR

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The field of extracellular nucleotides and purinoceptors has undergone a resurgence of interest and enthusiasm in the past decade. More and more investigators are probing the physiological and pathophysiological roles of P2 receptors in virtually every organ system, including the kidney. 2. With this renewed intere...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Inscho EW

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. In order to further characterize the adenosine binding sites that we previously purified and termed P3 purinergic receptor-like protein (P3LP), a reliable binding assay method was developed using [3H]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) as a radioligand and the newly developed high-affinity selective ligand 9-(6,...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Yoshioka K,Matsuda A,Nakata H

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Mathematical modelling is useful in pharmacology, allowing the investigator to obtain insights into the biological processes under study that may not always be intuitively obvious. Examples are presented in this review using the pharmacology of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist xanomeline. 2. Xa...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Christopoulos A

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Cardiovascular events and outcome in septic shock may be predicted by monitoring the fall in intramural pH (pHi), as an index of splanchnic perfusion and mucosal ischaemia. In the present study, a small animal model for monitoring the changes of gastric pHi or intramucosal [H+] following challenge with the endotoxi...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Lamarque D,Whittle BJ

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Intermittent bursts of activity are a robust feature of the discharges of sympathetic nerves. There are at least two major mechanisms producing such discharges: (i) phasic inputs influencing sympathetic circuits; and (ii) oscillators embedded within sympathetic networks. The functional significance of patterned and...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Gilbey MP

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Schizophrenia is a chronic, disabling brain disease that affects approximately 1% of the world's population. It is characterized by delusions, hallucinations and formal thought disorder, together with a decline in socio-occupational functioning. While the causes for schizophrenia remain unknown, evidence from famil...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Mowry BJ,Nancarrow DJ

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. We tested the effects of intravenous infusions of angiotensin II (AngII; 300 ng/kg per min) and the vasopressin V1 receptor agonist [Phe2,Ile3,Orn8]-vasopressin (30 ng/kg per min) on regional kidney perfusion in an extracorporeal circuit model in anaesthetized rabbits in which renal artery pressure (RAP) can be set...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Evans RG,Correia AG,Weekes SR,Madden AC

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Oxygen (O2) transfer from the blood to tissues is a function of the red blood cell (RBC) O2 saturation (SO2), the plasma O2 content being negligible. Under conditions of increased tissue O2 demand, the SO2 of arterial blood does not change appreciably (97%); however, the SO2 of mixed venous blood, equal to that of ...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Buchwald H,O'Dea TJ,Menchaca HJ,Michalek VN,Rohde TD

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) was examined in adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH)-induced hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats using the non-peptide AVP V1a receptor antagonist OPC 21268. 2. In an acute study, six rats were pretreated with ACTH for 11 days and direct arterial blood pressure (4 h), plasma osmolality...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Fraser TB,Turner SW,Wen C,Li M,Burrell LM,Whitworth JA

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The present review describes the actions of sensory neuropeptides on the contractility of the rat and guinea-pig prostate gland and discusses the differences in sensitivity of the smooth muscle of the prostates taken from these species to these neuropeptides. 2. Nerve fibres immunoreactive for the tachykinins subst...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Ventura S,Lau WA,Buljubasich S,Pennefather JN

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. In rats, inhibition of type IV phosphodiesterase (PDE4) attenuates acute renal failure and early (hours) mortality induced by high-dose endotoxin. Because it is unlikely that protection of renal function accounts for improved early survivability, most likely PDE4 inhibition exerts multiple beneficial effects in end...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Tofovic SP,Zacharia LC,Carcillo JA,Jackson EK

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Pericytes are cells of microvessels (arterioles, capillaries and venules) that wrap around endothelial cells. They are most abundant on venules and are common on capillaries. 2. The pericyte population is highly variable between different tissues and organs, probably in a manner reflecting postarteriolar hydrostati...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Sims DE

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Gastric emptying studies in small laboratory animals are hampered by the deficiency of a technique that is non-invasive and repeatable. The aim of the present study was to adapt the non-invasive [13C]-octanoic acid breath test, which has been validated in humans, to assess both liquid and solid gastric emptying in ...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Symonds EL,Butler RN,Omari TI

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Plasma concentrations of prorenin were determined in a transgenic animal model of nephropathy induced by overexpression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. 2. In both female and male mice, plasma concentrations of prorenin were higher in transgenic than in non-transgenic anim...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Krag S,Nielsen AH,Wogensen L

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The effects of cold saline (25 mL) injected over the fetal skin on fetal heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV), measured as the coefficient of variation (CV) in pulse interval (PI) and by power spectral analysis (PSA), were measured in 10 chronically catheterized fetal sheep aged 140-144 days. To determine the e...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Yu ZY,Lumbers ER

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The aim of the present study was to produce a mathematical model that describes the way dynamic changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity affect renal, cortical and medullary blood flow. 2. Cortical blood flow (CBF) and medullary blood flow (MBF) were measured using laser-Doppler flowmetry and (total) renal blood...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Navakatikyan MA,Leonard BL,Evans RG,Malpas SC

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The renal medulla plays an important role in regulating body sodium and fluid balance and blood pressure homeostasis through its unique structural relationships and interactions between renomedullary interstitial cells (RMIC), renal tubules and medullary vasculature. 2. Several endocrine and/or paracrine factors, i...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Zhuo JL

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. mu-Opioid receptor agonists mediate their central analgesic effects by actions on neurons within brain regions such as the mid-brain periaqueductal grey (PAG). Within the PAG, mu-opioid receptor-mediated analgesia results from inhibition of GABAergic influences on output projection neurons. We have established that...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Christie MJ,Connor M,Vaughan CW,Ingram SL,Bagley EE

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Emotional stress is one of the aetiologies of cardiac accidents, but the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study we used the immobilization stress model in rats to investigate electrocardiographic (ECG) changes. 2. A rapid elevation of the ST segment at the II, III, aVF and precordial leads...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Ueyama T,Yoshida K,Senba E

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Angiotensin (Ang)II is involved in responses to hypovolaemia, such as sodium appetite and increase in blood pressure. Target areas subserving these responses for AngII include the cardiovascular system in the periphery and the circumventricular organs in the brain. 2. Conflicting data have been reported for the rol...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： De Luca LA Jr,Sugawara AM,Menani JV

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Accumulating animal and human data suggest that nitric oxide (NO) is important for both coronary and peripheral haemodynamic control and metabolic regulation during performance of exercise. 2. While still controversial, NO of endothelial origin is thought to potentiate exercise-induced hyperaemia, both in the perip...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Kingwell BA

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The ulcerogenesis of gastric haemorrhagic damage during sepsis is unclear. The present study first proposes that gastric haemorrhagic ulcer is modulated by mucosal glutathione, histamine and oxyradicals in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in rats. The protective effects of several drugs on the ulcerogenic pa...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Hung CR

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. There has been considerable recent interest in the possibility that increased intake of dietary anti-oxidants may protect against cardiovascular disease. This is partly due to the knowledge that oxidative events in vivo may play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. 2. While dietary anti-oxidants, such as ...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Morton LW,Abu-Amsha Caccetta R,Puddey IB,Croft KD

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. In a recent review article, the problem of making false-positive inferences as a result of making multiple comparisons between groups of experimental units or between experimental outcomes was addressed. 2. It was concluded that the most universally applicable solution was to use the Ryan-Holm step-down Bonferroni ...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Ludbrook J

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. In the rectum and distal nephron, sodium reabsorption is mediated by the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). The ENaC-mediated sodium transport is electrogenic and creates an amiloride-sensitive transepithelial potential difference (PD). 2. We have evaluated the salt- and angiotensin (Ang)II-depen...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Wang Q,Horisberger JD,Maillard M,Brunner HR,Rossier BC,Burnier M

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Motoneurons (MN) shape motor patterns by transforming inputs into action potential output. This transformation, excitability, is determined by an interaction between synaptic inputs and intrinsic membrane properties. Excitability is not static, but changes over multiple time scales. The purpose of the present paper...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Funk GD,Parkis MA,Selvaratnam SR,Robinson DM,Miles GB,Peebles KC

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Investigations of the role of cAMP in the stimulation of the steroidogenesis of zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells by increased extracellular K+ concentration are reviewed. 2. Possible reasons for discrepancies in the results of different investigators on whether K+ increases the cAMP content or output of ZG tissue or dis...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Tait JF,Tait SA

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The present report documents evidence suggesting that endothelin (ET) is a mediator and modulator of post-ganglionic sympathetic neuronal development. 2. Endothelin is produced by post-ganglionic neurons and by cells adjacent to these neurons. 3. Post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons express functional receptors for ...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Damon DH

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Pyruvate has been shown to enhance the contractile performance of cardiac muscle when provided as an alternative substrate to glucose. The aims of the present study were to determine whether the inotropic effects of pyruvate are due to increased mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and to compare the effect...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Mellors LJ,Kotsanas G,Wendt IR

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. In the mammalian central nervous system, GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter. GABA is a highly flexible molecule and, thus, can exist in many low-energy conformations. Conformationally restricted analogues of GABA have been used to help identify three major GABA receptors, termed GABAA, GABAB and GABAC rec...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Chebib M,Johnston GA

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The effects of endogenous and exogenous acetylcholine (ACh) on nitrergic relaxations elicited by electrical field stimulation (EFS) were studied in guinea-pig endothelium-denuded basilar artery preparations precontracted with 1 micromol/L prostaglandin F(2 alpha) and a possible role of K+ channels in mediating the ...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Jiang F,Li CG,Rand MJ

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Following local vasoconstriction-inducing stimuli, such as the cold pressor test (CPT), significant changes occur in haemodynamics, with a rise in arterial blood pressure and heart rate (HR) due to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Among the compensatory mechanisms to local ischaemia, the endogenous...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Pasini FL,Capecchi PL,Colafati M,Randisi P,Puccetti L,Di Perri T

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00